immo!nvest – Die Plattform für Standorte und Immobilien

Tag: Einkommen

  • Densification changes cities

    Densification changes cities

    The study “Construction activity and displacement”, carried out by ETH Zurich on behalf of the Federal Office for Housing, shows that over the last two decades, settlement development in Switzerland has clearly been inward-looking. New housing is being built in urban areas, primarily through replacement construction and the conversion of industrial and commercial zones, rather than on greenfield sites. In cities such as Basel, a quarter of new flats were built on former industrial sites.

    More flats despite fewer new builds
    Although the number of newly built residential buildings is falling slightly, the net number of flats continues to increase. This is due to the efficiency of densification. In Basel, Geneva and Lausanne, up to twice as many new units are being built per demolished flat than in Bern or Zurich. Densification is thus becoming the central lever for creating living space in densely populated areas.

    Who is being displaced?
    The downside of densification can be seen in the social composition of the neighbourhoods affected. In Zurich in particular, long-term tenants often lose their homes due to demolition or total refurbishment. Those who have to move out often have a significantly lower income, up to 40 per cent less than the average. In contrast, households with above-average incomes move into new builds.

    Migration and income as a risk factor
    The study also reveals structural disadvantages. Asylum seekers, refugees and people of African descent are disproportionately affected by displacement. This means that structural densification particularly affects those who are most dependent on affordable housing and who often can no longer find it in the same municipality. Nevertheless, a considerable proportion of those affected, up to 64 per cent, manage to stay within their municipality.

    Cities in transition – socially balanced?
    From a spatial planning perspective, densification is sensible and necessary. However, it not only changes the cityscape, but also the social structure of neighbourhoods. The challenge in the coming years will be to shape change in such a way that it does not lead to social division, but to mixed, resilient cities with living space for everyone.

  • Part-time work has an impact on pensions and AHV financing

    Part-time work has an impact on pensions and AHV financing

    Part-time work is on the rise in Switzerland, especially among women. The Federal Statistical Office (FSO) reports that around 30 per cent of single women without children will be working part-time in 2022, compared to only 15 per cent of men. This way of working not only affects individual income and pension benefits, but also the financing of the pay-as-you-go AHV system.

    A study by UBS economists entitled “Part-time work: effects on pension provision” highlights the fact that part-time work leads to reduced pension benefits and reduced savings capacity. This particularly affects single people without children, whereby the resulting pension gap is often disproportionate to the reduction in workload. For couples, on the other hand, part-time work in conjunction with income-dependent childcare subsidies can have less dramatic effects.

    The UBS study “AHV 2030 – Labour market scenarios for the fiscal sustainability of the AHV” shows that a change in labour market participation has a direct impact on the AHV funding gap. Increasing female labour market participation could slightly reduce this gap, while reduced male participation would widen the gap. A higher labour force participation of older workers would also have a positive effect.

    Future developments in the labour market and social trends such as a better work-life balance or increased childcare by men could make further structural reforms to the AHV necessary. The UBS economists emphasise that changes in the labour market alone are not enough to close the AHV funding gap.